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Chemical Disinfectant Solutions

Chemical disinfectants are the most common way to kill a microorganism. They are very easy to use. They can kill a wide range of bacteria and viruses and can be cost-effective. With chemical solutions, you need to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the proper application. The surface must be thoroughly cleaned before you apply a disinfectant. You need to observe proper dwell time and apply it properly to make the surface wet.

 

ALCOHOL
Uses: Bactericidal, tuberculocidal, fungicidal, and virucidal. Do not destroy bacterial spores
Concentration: must be 60-90%
Mode of Action: denaturation of proteins
Kinds: Ethyl Alcohol and Isopropyl Alcohol
Cons: Flammable, evaporate rapidly, must be stored in cool, well ventilated area
 
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Uses: Bactericidal, fungicidal, tuberculoidal and virucidal
Mode of action: Disrupt cell walls and precipitate cell proteins
Pros: Can kill a wide range of microogranisms, environmentally friendly as it breakdowns into water and oxygen
Cons: Unstable, you need thorough cleaning before applying as a disinfectant
 
CHLORINE
Uses: broad range of antimicrobial activity, removes biofilms
Forms: Sodium Hyphochlorites (liquid), Calcium Hypochlorite (solid)
Concentration: 5.25% to 6.15% (household bleach)
Pros: Inexpensive, do not leave toxic residues, unaffected by water hardness, fast-acting
Cons: Produces irritation and burns, corrosive to metals in high concentrations, discolouration of fabrics, releases toxic gas when mixed with ammonia and acids
 
QUAT AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
Uses: Bactericidal, fungicidal and virucidal
Mode of action: affects proteins and cell membranes, releases nitrogen and phosphorous from cells
Pros: rapid action, colourless, odourless, less corrosive, very stable and can be used on food prep areas.
Cons: Does not eliminate spores, TB and some viruses. Toxic and an irritant
 
PHENOLICS
Uses: Bactericidal, fungicidal, tuerculoidal and virucidal
Mode of action: Disrupt cell walls, precipitate cell proteins
Pros: Can cause anti-rusting effect
Cons: Corrosive, toxic, skin and eye irritant, unpleasant odour, effectivity reduced by alkaline pH or organic material
 
IODOPHORS
Uses: Bactericidal, fungicidal and virucidal
Mode of action: Binds with cellular components of microorganisms
Pros: Not affected by hard water, very reactive, kills a broad range of organisms, low tissue toxicity, kills immediately, may be used on food prep surfaces
Cons: Corrosive to metal, may stain, odour, toxic, irritant. (don’t confuse skin antiseptic iodophors for disinfectants).


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